Lions are among the most iconic and charismatic animals in the world. They are revered for their strength, beauty, and social behavior.
They are also important for the balance and diversity of ecosystems, as they are apex predators that regulate the populations of their prey and competitors.
However, lions are also facing many threats to their survival in the wild.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), lions have declined by about 43% in the past 21 years, and are classified as vulnerable to extinction.
The main causes of their decline are habitat loss and fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, poaching, and disease.
In contrast to the plight of wild lions, there is a booming industry of captive lion breeding in South Africa.
Thousands of lions are kept on farms for commercial purposes, such as tourism, hunting, and traditional medicine, which are then subjected to cruel and unnatural conditions that compromise their welfare and conservation.
The cruel reality of lion farming
ANNE-CHRISTINE POUJOULAT/AFP via Getty Images
Lion farming is a controversial industry that involves breeding and keeping lions in captivity for commercial purposes, as per Phys.org.
These include offering tourists the opportunity to interact with lion cubs or adult lions, selling lions to trophy hunters who kill them in fenced areas, and exporting lion bones and other body parts to Asia for traditional medicine.
Lion farming has been practiced in South Africa since the 1990s, and has grown rapidly in recent years.
According to official records, there are over 350 lion farms in the country, holding around 8,000 lions, which is more than double the number of wild lions in South Africa, which is estimated at 3,500.
However, the actual number of lions and other big cats on these farms may be much higher, as the industry is poorly regulated and monitored.
Many farms are not registered or inspected, and there is a lack of transparency and accountability in the trade of lions and their products.
Corruption and illegal activities are also rampant in the industry
Lion farming is not only unethical, but also harmful to the welfare and conservation of lions. Animals on these farms suffer from stress, disease, malnutrition, genetic defects, and injuries.
They are often kept in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, with little or no veterinary care, and are also subjected to cruel practices, such as early separation from their mothers, intensive breeding, mutilation, and drugging.
Lion farming also poses a threat to the survival of wild lions, as it creates a demand for lion products that may fuel poaching and illegal trade. It also undermines the efforts to protect wild lion habitats and populations, as it diverts resources and attention away from conservation.
Furthermore, it tarnishes the image of South Africa as a responsible wildlife tourism destination, as it exposes tourists to potential risks of disease transmission, injury, or fraud.
There is growing opposition to lion farming both within and outside South Africa.
Many conservationists, animal welfare advocates, scientists, politicians, celebrities, and tourists have spoken out against the industry and called for its closure, as per The Conversation.
They argue that lion farming has no conservation value or economic benefit and that it violates the intrinsic rights and dignity of lions.
In May 2021, a high-level panel appointed by the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment recommended that South Africa should end the breeding of captive lions for hunting or trade in their parts and derivatives.
The panel also advised that South Africa should not captive-breed lions for any purpose other than conservation.
The panel's report was welcomed by many stakeholders as a positive step towards ending lion farming.
However, the report has not yet been adopted by the government as an official policy, and there is still resistance from some sectors of the industry and society.
Therefore, more pressure and action are needed to ensure that the recommendations are implemented effectively and urgently.
Ending lion farming would not only benefit lions but also South Africa as a whole. It would help to restore the natural balance and integrity of ecosystems, promote ethical and sustainable wildlife tourism, enhance the reputation and credibility of South Africa as a conservation leader, and demonstrate respect for the values and cultures of South Africans who regard lions as sacred and iconic animals.
Lions are still being farmed in South Africa for hunters and tourism. They shouldn't be, say researchers who have studied the industry and its impacts on lions and people.
Many are urging the government and the public to take action to end this cruel and unnecessary practice once and for all.
