Cholera is a disease that is disproportionately prevalent in Africa. According to the World Health Organization, cholera hotspots affect between 40 million and 80 million individuals in Africa. Disease outbreaks have more than tripled globally since 1980, with 1,307 epidemics occurring between 2011 and 2017. Cholera was the leading cause of death, accounting for 308 cases.

Nomadic populations and poorer rural communities are two other population groupings that suffer particularly heavily during droughts. This is due to their agricultural dependence, inability to afford alternate water sources, and social isolation.

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