Anthony Vigrado dives into Palk Bay's waters after sunset in Jaffna, searching the seafloor for what seems to be a coveted treasure. Sea cucumbers, long, leathery-skinned beings that have been the source of his profits for the past 12 years, are what he returns with.

Sea cucumber demand has resulted in unrest in Mexico, yakuza activity in Japan, and smuggling. Organized sea cucumber crime moves farther afield from Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar, into the Lakshadweep union territory's underdeveloped regions.

However, since most illegal trade is still imported into Sri Lanka, Kuppusamy admits that, while disrupting the criminal supply chain is critical, educating illegal sea cucumber fishermen about the value of the animals is also essential to their safety.

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