Scarlet Macaw's Genome Sequenced

Researchers have now sequenced the entire genome of a Scarlet macaw, which will provide unique insight into the birds' evolution.

The groundbreaking research was conducted by researchers at Texas A&M University. The DNA for the study came from a female named "Neblina" who lives in the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.

"The final analysis showed that there are about one billion DNA bases in the genome, which is about one-third of that found in mammals," said Ian Tizard at the Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center in the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences at Texas A&M. "Birds have much less DNA than mammals primarily because they do not possess nearly as much repetitive DNA."

Macaws are found in tropical Central and South America, but pet trade has resulted in the numbers plummeting since the 1960s. These birds are intelligent and can live for about 50-75 years.

Researchers found that the genome of the macaw was similar to that of a chicken, but there were some key differences in the biology of both birds, such as the ability to fly, intelligence and longevity.

"They are considered to be among the most intelligent of all birds and also one of the most affectionate - it is believed they are sensitive to human emotions," said Tizard in a news release. "Possessing stunning feathers that are brightly colored, some macaws have a wingspan approaching four feet. They also usually mate for life and can fly as fast as 35 miles per hour."

Currently, these birds are facing extinction due to loss of habitat and pet trading. Many of the 17 known species of macaws are endangered.

The study is published in the journal PLOS One.