Labrador retrievers are one of the most popular dog breeds in the world, known for their friendly, loyal, and energetic personalities.
However, many Labradors also struggle with weight issues, which can lead to various health problems such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease.
While some of these cases may be attributed to overfeeding or lack of exercise, a new study has revealed that a genetic mutation may be responsible for making some Labradors more prone to obesity and hunger.
The POMC Gene and Its Role in Hunger Regulation (Photo : Hugh Hastings/Getty Images)
The study, published in the journal Science Advances, was conducted by researchers from the University of Cambridge, who analyzed the DNA of more than 300 Labrador retrievers from the UK and the US.
They discovered that around 25% of the dogs had a mutation in a gene called POMC, which is involved in regulating hunger and energy use in mammals.
The POMC gene produces two hormones, called beta-MSH and beta-endorphin, that signal to the brain when the body is full and satisfied.
However, in dogs with the mutation, the gene is truncated and unable to produce these hormones, resulting in a constant state of hunger and a reduced ability to burn calories.
The researchers also found that the mutation was more common in Labradors that were trained as assistance dogs, such as guide dogs or therapy dogs.
They speculated that this may be because dogs with a higher interest in food are easier to train with food rewards, and therefore more likely to be selected for these roles.
The mutation in the POMC gene causes dogs to not produce two chemical messengers in their brain, beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (β-MSH) and beta-endorphin, that are important in determining hunger and moderating energy use, researchers said.
These hormones are also involved in regulating mood, pain, and stress responses, which may explain why some Labradors are more prone to anxiety and depression.
The researchers advised owners to consult with their veterinarians on the best nutrition and fitness plans for their dogs, taking into account their genetic makeup and individual needs.
The study also highlighted the need for more awareness and education on the health risks of obesity in dogs, as well as the benefits of spaying or neutering, which can help reduce the appetite and weight gain in both male and female dogs.
Scientists hope that their study will contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors that influence obesity and hunger in dogs, as well as in humans. They plan to continue their research on the POMC gene and its effects on other dog breeds and species.
Obesity is a serious health issue in Labradors because it can increase their risk of heart and liver disease, joint problems (including arthritis), skeletal issues, and metabolic and respiratory diseases.
According to Labrador weight standards, adult males should weigh between 65-80 pounds, while adult females should weigh between 55-70 pounds. Being overweight can also reduce a Labrador's lifespan by an average of two years.