Sharks are among the oldest and most diverse groups of animals on the planet. They have survived five mass extinctions and evolved into more than 500 species, ranging from the tiny dwarf lanternshark to the colossal whale shark.
Sharks play a vital role in maintaining the health and stability of marine ecosystems, as they regulate the populations of their prey and prevent overgrazing of seagrass and coral reefs.
However, these ancient predators are now facing a silent crisis that could wipe them out from the oceans: shark finning.
Shark finning is the practice of cutting off the fins of a shark and discarding the rest of the body, often still alive, back into the water.
Shark fins are highly valued in some Asian cultures, especially China, where they are considered a delicacy and a symbol of wealth and status.
Shark fin soup, a traditional dish served at weddings and banquets, can cost up to $100 per bowl. The global demand for shark fins has driven a lucrative and largely unregulated trade that exploits sharks from all over the world.
The Alarming Numbers Behind Shark Finning(Photo : MUSTAFA OZER/AFP via Getty Images)
According to a new study published in the journal Science, shark finning is responsible for the deaths of more than 80 million sharks per year, a number that has increased by 4% since 2012.
This means that every hour, more than 9,000 sharks are killed for their fins. The study, which analyzed data from 150 fishing countries and regions, found that coastal fisheries account for 95% of the shark mortality, while the remaining 5% comes from high-seas fisheries that target tuna and swordfish.
The study also revealed that more than 30% of the shark catch consists of species that are threatened with extinction, such as the scalloped hammerhead, the oceanic whitetip, and the great white shark.
These species are particularly vulnerable to overfishing, as they have slow growth rates, late maturity, and low reproductive output.
Some shark populations have declined by more than 90% in the past few decades, and some may never recover.
The researchers also interviewed shark fishery experts to gain insights into the current trends and practices of shark finning.
They found that despite the implementation of various regulations and protections by governments and international organizations, shark finning remains widespread and largely unreported.
Some of the challenges include the lack of enforcement, the loopholes in the legislation, the difficulty in identifying shark species, and the corruption and bribery in the trade.
Shark finning is not only a cruel and wasteful practice, but also a serious threat to the ocean's balance and biodiversity. Sharks are apex predators, meaning that they occupy the top of the food chain and have few natural enemies.
By removing them from the ecosystem, the natural order is disrupted and the consequences can be unpredictable and far-reaching.
For example, the decline of sharks can lead to the increase of their prey, such as rays and skates, which in turn can deplete the populations of scallops, clams, and oysters that they feed on. This can affect the livelihoods of fishermen and the quality of the water and the habitat.
Shark finning also poses a risk to human health, as shark fins can contain high levels of mercury, arsenic, and other toxins that can accumulate in the body and cause neurological and reproductive problems.
Moreover, shark finning contributes to the loss of a valuable natural resource that can provide economic, social, and ecological benefits.
Sharks can attract tourists and divers who are willing to pay for the opportunity to see and interact with them. Sharks can also help regulate the carbon cycle, as they feed on dead and decaying matter and prevent it from releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for shark conservation, which requires the collaboration and cooperation of all stakeholders, including governments, fishers, consumers, traders, scientists, educators, and activists.